English Grammer and Spoken English

PAST TENSE

FUTURE TENSE

Future Perfect tense

It is used to express an action which will occur in future and is thought to be completed in future. It expresses a sense of completion of an action which will occur in future. For example, “John will have gone tomorrow”. It shows a sense of completion of an action (go) which will occur in future (tomorrow).

Rules. Auxiliary verb “will have” is used in sentence. 3rd form of verb or past participle form of verb is used as main verb in sentence.

Structure of sentence

Positive sentence
       • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
       • Subject + will have + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object

Examples
        She will have finished the work by Wednesday.
        I will have left for home by the time he gets up.
        You will have started a job.

Negative sentence
      • Subject + Not between auxiliary verbs + main verb (past participle) + object
      • Subject + will not have + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object

Examples
       She will have finished the work by Wednesday.
       I will have left for home by the time he gets up.
       You will not have started a job.

Interrogative sentence
• Auxiliary verb + Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
• Will + Subject +have + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object

Examples
Will she have finished the work by Wednesday?
Will I have left for home by the time he gets up?
Will you have started a job?

More Examples

Positive sentences
          He will have finished his work.
          You will have made a new chair.
          She will have decorated her home.
          I will have bought a computer.
          They will have shifted to a new home.
          Students will have passed the examination.

Negative sentences
        He will not have finished his work.
        You will not have made a new chair.
        She will not have decorated her home.
        I will not have bought a computer.
        They will not have shifted to a new home.
        Students will not have passed the examination.

Interrogative sentences
       Will he have finished his work?
       Will you have made a new chair?
       Will she have decorated her home?
       Will I have bought a computer?
       Will they have shifted to a new home?
       Will students have passed the examination?

Click on each below to study each tense

PRESENT TENSE

PAST TENSE

FUTURE TENSE

Future Continuous tense

It is used to express a continued or an ongoing action in future. For example, “I will be waiting for you tomorrow”, it conveys ongoing nature of an action (waiting) which will occur in future.

Rules. Auxiliary verb “will be” is used in sentence. 1st form of verb + ing (present participle) is used as main verb in sentence.

Structure of sentence

Positive sentence
   • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (present participle) + object
   • Subject + will be+ 1st form of verb or base form+ing (present participle) + object

Examples.
       I will be waiting for you.
       You will be feeling well tomorrow.

Negative sentence
          • Subject + not between auxiliary verbs+ not + main verb (present participle)              + object
          • Subject + will not be + 1st form of verb or base form+ing (present participle)              + object

To make negative sentence “not” is written between auxiliary verbs “will and be” in sentence.

Examples.
       I will not be waiting for you.
       You will not be feeling well tomorrow.

Interrogative sentence
• Auxiliary verb + subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (present participle) + object
• Will + subject + be+ 1st form of verb or base form+ing (present participle) + object

Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “will” and auxiliary verb “be” comes after subject in interrogative sentence
Examples.
Will I be waiting for you?
Will you be feeling well tomorrow?

More Examples

Positive sentences
            We will be shifting to a new home next year.
            He will be flying a kite.
            It will be raining tomorrow.
            She will be enjoying her vacations.
            He will be expecting honesty from his employees.
            She will be delivering a speech to people.

Negative sentences
           We will not be shifting to a new home next year.
           He will not be flying a kite.
           It will not be raining tomorrow.
           She will not be enjoying her vacations.
           He will not be expecting honesty from his employees.
           She will not be delivering a speech to people.

Interrogative sentence
          Will we be shifting to a new home next year?
          Will he be flying a kite?
          Will it be raining tomorrow?
          Will she be enjoying her vacations?
          Will he be expecting honesty from his employees?
          Will she be delivering a speech to people?

Click on each below to study each tense

PRESENT TENSE

PAST TENSE

FUTURE TENSE

Future simple tense

It is used to express an action which has not occurred yet and will occur after saying or in future. For example, “I will go to zoo tomorrow”, in this sentence the person intend for tomorrow’s visit to zoo. In short, these sentences express actions which will be done in future.

Rules. Auxiliary verb “will” is used in sentence. 1st form of verb or base form is used as main verb in sentence.

Structure of sentence

Positive sentence
       • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (present participle) + object
       •Subject + will + (1st form of verb or base form +ing) + object

Examples.
       I will buy a computer tomorrow.
       They will come here.

Negative sentence
      • Subject + auxiliary verb+ not + main verb (present participle) + object
      • Subject + will +not + (1st form of verb or base form +ing) + object

     To make negative sentence “not” is written after auxiliary verb in sentence.
Examples.
       I will not buy a computer tomorrow.
       They will not come here.

Interrogative sentence
      • Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb (present participle) + object
      • Will + subject + (1st form of verb or base form +ing) + object

Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “will”
Examples.
      Will I buy a computer tomorrow?
      Will they come here?

More Examples

Positive sentences
           He will start a business.
           She will send me a letter.
           I will give you a pen tomorrow
           Students will take exams at the end of semester.
           They will buy a new car.
           The Pattern of exam will change next year.

Negative sentences
          He will not start a business.
          She will not send me a letter.
          I will not give you a pen tomorrow
          Students will not take exams at the end of semester.
          They will not buy a new car.
          The pattern of exam will not change next year.

Interrogative sentences
         Will he start a business?
         Will she send me a letter?
         Will I give you a pen tomorrow?
         Will students take exams at the end of semester?
         Will they buy a new car?
         Will the Pattern of exam change next year?

Click on each below to study each tense

PRESENT TENSE

PAST TENSE

FUTURE TENSE

Past Perfect continuous tense

It is used to express a continued or ongoing action that started in past and continued until sometime in past. (Remember, an ongoing action in past which continued till some time in past) There will be a time reference, such as “since 1980, for three hours etc” from which the action had started. A sense of time reference is found in these sentences which shows that action had started in past and continued till some time in past. Such time reference or sense of reference is the identity of Present perfect continuous tense because it tells that action has started from a particular time in past or for some time period. For example, “He had been studying in this school since 2005”, so the it means that he had started his education in this school in 2005 and he studied in this school till sometime in past.

Note: If there is not time reference or sense of time reference, then it is not Past perfect continuous tense because there is no hint about the time of action when it started in past or continued for some time period, so it seems just an ongoing action in past which resembles “past Continuous tense”. So the reference of time differentiates between Past perfect continuous tense and past continuous tense.

Rules: An auxiliary verb “had been” is used in sentence. 1st form of verb (base verb) +ing (present participle) is used as main verb in sentence. “Since” or “for” is used before the “time reference” in sentence. If the time reference is exactly known such as 1995, 4 O’clock then “since” is used before the time in sentence. If the time reference is not exactly known such as three hours, six years, four days, then “for” is used before the time in sentence. Time reference such as 3 hours or 5 days is not exactly known because we don’t know that about which three hours a day is told in sentence or about which 5 days in a month is told in sentence. While the 1995 is exactly known time.

Structure of sentence.

Positive Sentence.
• Subject + Auxiliary verb + main verb (Present participle) + Object + Time reference
• Subject + had been + (1st form of verb or base verb + ing) + object + time    reference

Examples.
      I had been waiting for him for one hour.
      She had been playing chess since 7 O’clock.

Negative Sentence.
• Subject +”Not” between the Auxiliary verbs + main verb (present participle) + Object + Time reference
• Subject + had not been + (1st form of verb or base verb + ing) + object + time reference

To make negative sentence, the word “not” is added inside auxiliary verb, so it becomes “had not been”.
Examples.
I had not been waiting for him for one hour.
She had not been playing chess since 7 O’clock.

Interrogative Sentence.
• Auxiliary verb+ Subject + Auxiliary verb + main verb (present participle) + object +    time reference
• Had + Subject + been + (1st form of verb or base verb+ing) + object + time    reference

Interrogative sentence starts with auxiliary verb “had” and auxiliary verb “been” is used after subject in sentence.
Examples.
        Had I been waiting for him for one hour?
        Had she been playing chess 7 O’clock?

More examples.

Positive sentences
         I had been living in America since 2003.
         He had been playing cricket for two hours.
         They had been watching television since 6 O’clock.
         She had been working in this office since 2007.
         It had been raining for three days.

Negative sentences
        I had not been living in America since 2003.
        He had not been playing cricket for two hours.
        They had not been watching television since 6 O’clock.
        She had not been working in this office since 2007.
        It had not been raining for three days.

Positive sentences
        Had I been living in America since 2003?
        Had he been playing cricket for two hours.
        Had they been watching television since 6 O’clock?
        Had she been working in this office since 2007?
        Had it been raining for three days?

Click on each below to study each tense

PRESENT TENSE

PAST TENSE